Kidner says delightfully that this term gives “notice at once that wisdom will be hard-won, a quality of character as much as of mind.”21 He adds that it usually conveys “a note of sternness, ranging from warning … to chastening.”22 Delitzsch translates the word as “instruction,” and explains that the idea is “properly discipline, i.e. moral instruction, and in conformity with this, self-government, self-guidance.”23 Instruction may produce knowledge, but discipline produces character.